New Zealand Dotterel

1. Breeding plumage: Vibrant orange-red underparts, most intense from May to December

2. Heavy black bill and large dark eyes, giving them an alert expression

3. Quick, darting movements along the shoreline, often pausing to look around

New Zealand dotterels breed from August to February, creating simple nests on beaches above the high tide mark. They're devoted parents, fiercely defending their territories and using distraction displays to protect their chicks. Human disturbance and predators such as stoats pose significant threats, particularly during breeding season. Conservation efforts, including predator control and beach protection, are crucial for their survival.

Look for New Zealand dotterels on sandy beaches and estuaries around the North Island coast, particularly on the east coast from North Cape to East Cape. They're active throughout the day, but early morning is best for spotting them foraging at the water's edge. During breeding season (August to February), watch for them on upper beach areas where they nest. Tip: Scan the high-tide line where they often feed on sandhoppers.

Known as tūturiwhatu, pukunui, or kūkuruatu in te reo Māori, the New Zealand dotterel has long been part of coastal ecosystems. It holds cultural significance as an indicator of beach health and features in Māori folklore. Dotterel bones were also used as needles for traditional tattooing. Today, it's a symbol of conservation efforts, with many communities rallying to protect their local dotterel populations.