Fairy Martin
Petrochelidon ariel
NativeStatus
CommonRarity
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Species Description
The Fairy Martin is a small, sociable swallow that enlivens Australia’s open country and waterways with its agile flight and unique mud nests. About the length of a large leaf, this aerial insectivore is best known for building clustered, bottle-shaped mud nests in colonies under bridges, culverts, and cliffs. Its rufous-brown cap, glossy blue-black back, and bright white rump make it a striking sight despite its tiny size.
Fun Facts
A single Fairy Martin nest can be built from over 1, individual mud pellets, all carried in the bird’s tiny bill.
1. Rufous-brown cap and nape with glossy blue-black back
2. Bright white rump patch visible in flight
3. Short, slightly forked tail (appears square when open)
Fairy Martins feed on flying insects, often foraging high in the air in large, loose flocks. They breed from August to January, with both parents sharing nest building, incubation, and chick-rearing duties. Nests are constructed from hundreds to over a thousand mud pellets, lined with grass and feathers, and feature a long entrance tunnel for protection. Colonies are highly social, with nests packed closely together. Prolonged wet or cold weather can threaten breeding success by causing nest collapse or adult mortality.
Fairy Martins are widespread across mainland Australia, favouring open areas near water such as grasslands, farmland, and rural towns. They are closely associated with their distinctive bottle-shaped mud nests, which are built in colonies under bridges, culverts, building eaves, and cliff overhangs. Colonies can range from a few pairs to several hundred birds. After breeding, many migrate northwards, sometimes reaching New Guinea and Indonesia. Look for their rapid, fluttering flight and listen for their soft, twittering calls near nesting colonies.
Physical Attributes
Height
12 cm
Size Relative to Other Birds7%
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